Token Economy
- A 19th century predecessor
No Abstract: This is a one page article outlining the first mention of a token economy in schools. - Effects of a token-economy on attending young autism
Abstract: The benefits of token economies have been widely established, however there are very few empirical studies on the effects of token reinforcement on the behavior of young children with autism. The establishment of conditioned reinforcers such as tokens may be important in interventions for children with autism. Token reinforcement was used to increase the attending behavior of a young child with autism during discrete trials instruction for academic and communication skills. - Escape contingency and a token-economy to increase food acceptance
Abstract: Escape (termination of a meal) and token-based differential reinforcement of alternative behavior were used as reinforcement to increase acceptance of food. Using a changing criterion design, the number of bites accepted and consumed was gradually increased to 15 bites per meal. These data suggest that, in some cases, escape may be a potent reinforcer for food acceptance. - Objects of obsession with autistic children
Abstract: We assessed the effectiveness of using objects of obsession as token reinforcers to increase task performance for children with autism. - Reducing assaults on an acute psychiatric unit using a token-economy
Abstract: Token economies are an effective way of changing various behaviors including acquiring new skills, reducing undesired behaviors, reducing aggression, increasing treatment compliance, and improving psychiatric unit management. This study examines the long-term effect of a token economy on an acute care, inpatient psychiatric unit. - Token reinforcement on a young child with autism
Abstract: The benefits of token economies have been widely established, however there are very few empirical studies on the effects of token reinforcement on the behavior of young children with autism. The establishment of conditioned reinforcers such as tokens may be important in interventions for children with autism. Token reinforcement was used to increase the attending behavior of a young child with autism during discrete trials instruction for academic and communication skills. - Use of a token-economy to increase compliance during hemodialysis
Abstract: We report the effects of using a token economy to treat noncompliant behavior in a 10-
year-old male hemodialysis patient. The results of an ABAB design indicated that the intervention increased compliant behavior during both treatment phases and that compliance was maintained at 3- and 6-month follow-up observations. - Use of a token-economy to increase compliance
Abstract: We report the effects of using a token economy to treat noncompliant behavior in a 10- year-old male hemodialysis patient. The results of an ABAB design indicated that the intervention increased compliant behavior during both treatment phases and that compliance was maintained at 3- and 6-month follow-up observations. - Using a token-economy to reinforce classroom participation
Abstract: We propose a procedure for increasing student participation, particularly in large classes. The procedure establishes a token economy in which students earn tokens for participation and then exchange those tokens for extra credit.
